Funerals in Bangjor Lhunbo Village
Tibetan Buddhists are preoccupied with the belief characteristic of a cycle of the previous, this and the next life. Therefore, a funeral, although tragic, is held to redeem the sins of the dead and bless his future. It is a link between death and life.
Tibetans hold funeral in a way different from others. Like other parts of Tibet, Bangjor Lhunbo Village adopts mainly the form of celestial burial. The body, wrapped up in white piece of cloth, is placed on an earthen cushion at the house corner. Buddhism holds that when the body is carried out of the house, its soul may not leave. When the earthen cushion is dismantled and thrown out of the house, the soul is taken away. Generally, the body stays in the house for three to five days before being moved out together with earthen cushion to a crossroads. When one dies in the village, members of other families mourn, bring with them a pot of wine apiece. When the body remains in the house, monks are invited to chant sin-redeeming sutras. When conditions permit, more than 100 butter lamps will bum.
Family of the dead hang one red pottery jar at the door. The jar mouth is adorned with wool or a white hada scarf, and inside the jar is burning zanba dough mixed with "three meat" (animal blood, meat and grease) and "three vegetables" (milk, cheese and butter). Within the first seven-week mourning period, family members refrain from combing their hair, washing the face, wearing any adornments, singing or dancing. Also during the period, no happy event is held within the family or at neighboring families.
The day before the dead person is moved out, neighboring families attend the mourning with Garmai Zundag, composed of one hada scarf, a handful of Tibetan incense, one sacrificial lamp and some money. People who maintain gyido ties with the dead have to bring with them other things including toiba seasonings cooked with zanba, milk dregs and butter. The funeral takes place very early in the day. One monk leads the way, followed by the body carried by the offspring. Others see the dead off from the door to far-away road, where one or two friends of the dead take the body to the celestial funeral ground. Kith and kin of the dead refrain from going to the ground.
During the first seven-week mourning period, monks are invited to chant sutras every seven days. In the fourth chanting, four to five monks are invited to burn incense to bless the dead to return to the world at an earlier date. In the seventh chanting, four monks are invited for Buddhist mass. During the day, relatives of the dead rinse their hair, wash their faces, make sacrifice to the Roof God, and replace the sutra streamers on the roof. All gyido come for the mass, bringing with them meat, butter, tea and wine. Over 100 butter lamps are burnt at home or in the monastery during the fourth and seventh chantings. Better-off families hold a mourning anniversary at home. By then, all gyido family members come with hada scarves, tea, wine, meat, butter and money. The host entertains them with food as a token of sincere thanks for their assistance over the past year.
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